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1.
Singapores First Year of COVID-19: Public Health, Immigration, the Neoliberal State, and Authoritarian Populism ; : 155-165, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-20243584

ABSTRACT

The migrant worker dormitory clusters, although certainly a serious matter, might seem like just a blemish in an otherwise stellar record of successful crisis management by a high-capacity government responsible for developing Singapore from a "Third World” to a "First World” country in a very short period. Made up of very capable technocrats with a pragmatic outlook, this government focused on results, were quick to react to problems as they surfaced, and never took its eye away from the unsentimental task of keeping its globally embedded economy going as a vital part of national survival. Some might argue, further, that the authorities and countless other people in Singapore who volunteered their support did the best they could, in the context of an unprecedented and unpredictable pandemic of this scale and magnitude. However, the dormitory clusters and other lapses are symptoms of deeper structural problems. This is an important perspective that can constructively provide insight into whether these kinds of problems will manifest again and again in occasional eruptions and disruptions, which are painful but manageable. Or whether they will lead to more systemically destructive outcomes over time, which will either ruin Singapore eventually or create the opportunity to rebuild something better. Given Singapore's track record of swift and effective reaction to problems, one can expect economic rejuvenation at some point, accompanied by social and cultural exuberance. But will this mean returning to business-asusual? And will the deep structures shaped by authoritarian politics and market fundamentalism continue to worsen income inequality, poverty, an over-dependency on exploited migrant workers, the neglect of heterotopic spaces of otherness, and a dogmatic refusal by the government to engage more widely and in good faith with a broader range of people and perspectives outside its circle? © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

2.
Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd) ; 60(8):1346-1364, 2023.
Article in English | Academic Search Complete | ID: covidwho-20240357

ABSTRACT

Cities around the world are the epicentres of the coronavirus pandemic: both in the first wave, as the disease spread from East Asia, and now, as many countries enter a third wave of infections. These spatial patterns are still far from properly understood, though there is no shortage of possible explanations. I set out the emerging theories about cities' role in the spread of coronavirus, testing these against existing studies and new analysis for English conurbations, cities and towns. Both reveal an urbanised public health crisis, in which vulnerabilities and health impacts track (a) urban structural inequalities, and (b) wider weaknesses in institutions, their capabilities and leaders. I then turn to 'post-pandemic' visions of future cities. I argue that this framing is unhelpful: even with mass vaccination, COVID-19 is likely to remain one of many globalised endemic diseases. Instead, 'pandemic-resilient' urban places will require improved economic, social and physical infrastructure, alongside better public policy. Describing such future cities is still highly speculative: I identify five zones of change. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 世界各地的城市都是冠状病毒大流行的中心:无论是在第一波疫情从东亚开始传播时,还是现在许多国家进入第三波感染。尽管不乏可能的解释,但这些空间模式仍远未得到正确理解。我阐述了关于城市在冠状病毒传播中的作用的一些新理论,并根据现有研究和针对英国大都市和城镇的新分析对这些理论进行了检验。两者都揭示了城市化的公共卫生危机,其中脆弱性和健康影响与以下因素相伴随:(a) 城市结构性不平等;以及 (b) 机构、其能力和领导者的更广泛弱点。接着,我转向未来城市的后疫情时代愿景。我认为这种框架是无益的:即使进行了大规模疫苗接种,新冠肺炎仍然可能会是许多全球化的地方病之一。相反,具有"抗流行病能力"的城市场所将需要经过改良的经济、社会和物质基础设施,以及更好的公共政策。对这样的未来城市的描述仍然具有高度的推测性:我确定了五个变革区域。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

3.
Journal of Zoonotic Diseases ; 7(1):199-206, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-20232279

ABSTRACT

While the world is still trying to emerge from the crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and all the nations are trying to nullify the repercussions caused by it;another outbreak known as the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has recommenced. Human monkeypox, a rare viral zoonosis (an infectious disease that can be transferred from non-human animals to humans), is caused by the MPXV, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae). Since eradicating smallpox globally in 1977, monkeypox has been the primary orthopoxvirus infection in humans. On July 14, 2022, the first case in India was reported in the Kollam district of Kerala. It manifests with the same symptoms as smallpox, including flu-like symptoms, fever, malaise, headache, back pain, and a characteristic rash. New medications have shown promising results, but more study is needed for the drug's efficacy in endemic settings. The monkeypox virus is a high-danger pathogen that causes a significant disease for public health. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop surveillance capabilities that can yield valuable data for creating suitable preventative, preparedness, and response operations. © 2023,.

4.
Z Gesundh Wiss ; : 1-7, 2023 May 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20244266

ABSTRACT

Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the correlations between food security, diet quality and weight change among working women during the endemic phase of COVID-19 in the Klang Valley of Malaysia. Methods: Working women aged 18-49 years were required to self-report their socio-demographics and pre-pandemic body weight (body weight during February 2020). Body height and current body weight were measured using a SECA stadiometer and TANITA weighing scale. Food security was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES); the diet quality was determined with the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) for Malaysia. Results: The prevalence of moderate-to-severe food insecurity was 19.9%. It is noted that 64.3% of working women gained weight throughout the pandemic, with an average weight gain of 4.36 ± 3.19 kg. Concerning diet quality, the majority (82.5%) achieved the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W). Findings from linear regression revealed that food security was not significantly correlated with weight change. However, working women who failed to achieve the MDD-W gained, on average, 1.853 kg more than those who did (p = 0.040). On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between food security status and diet quality in weight change of working women. Conclusion: The current study shall provide an impetus to develop intervention strategies for promoting healthy eating among working women.

6.
Trop Med Infect Dis ; 8(5)2023 May 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-20242222

ABSTRACT

Despite the number of cholera outbreaks reported worldwide, only a few cases are recorded among returning European travellers. We describe the case of a 41-year-old male, returning to Italy after a stay in Bangladesh, his origin country, who presented with watery diarrhoea. Vibrio cholerae and norovirus were detected in the patient's stools via multiplex PCR methods. Direct microscopy, Gram staining, culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. The isolates were tested using end-point PCR for the detection of potentially enteropathogenic V. cholera. Serotype and cholera toxins identification were carried out. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed, and antimicrobial resistance genes identified. A phylogenetic tree with the most similar genomes of databases previously described was built. Sample of the food brought back by the patient were also collected and analysed. The patient was diagnosed with V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 concomitant infection. The isolated V. cholerae strain was found to belong to ST69, encoding for cholera toxin, ctxB7 type and was phylogenetically related to the 2018 outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach in a cholera non-endemic country ensured rapid and accurate diagnosis, timely clinical management, and epidemiological investigation at national and international level.

7.
International Journal of Professional Business Review ; 8(4), 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2327311

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the Malaysian government's actions towards the aviation industry to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic and the transition phase from pandemic to endemic. Transition phase refers to a temporary period before the country could fully enter the endemic phase which is subject to an announcement by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Theoretical framework:The study on air transport affected by pandemic and industry action toward the endemic phase. This study refers to the conceptual framework for emergency department design in a pandemic by Aujirapongpan (2023): Relationship between state, hospital and ED in pandemic preparedness planning and response. Design/methodology/approach: The approach used is qualitative research that are observation and literature review. Findings: The results demonstrate the Malaysian government's actions during the transition period from pandemic to endemic. Restrictions on travel between areas cause the public to be unable to move at will, causing passengers to be unable to buy plane tickets. The government's actions have indeed had an impact on the airline company's income. Among the significant effects are the workers who were laid off in the era of the pandemic. At the same time, the government is also trying to help airlines financially to survive while waiting for the endemic period. The Malaysian government does not have a specific framework for the airline industry to face the pandemic, however, the Malaysian government gives a quick reaction to control the situation. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study gives comparative responses on the aviation industry by the government when faced with a pandemic, as well as planning for the transition to the endemic phase. Originality/value: The result indicates the government participation and action changes of the air transport operation on the Covid-19 pandemic to endemic transition phase. © 2023 AOS-Estratagia and Inovacao. All rights reserved.

8.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1028303, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2321380

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a disease of public health importance globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria deaths reduced globally steadily between 2000-2019, however there was a 10% increase in 2020 due to disruptions in medical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, about 96% of malaria deaths occurred in 29 countries; out of which, four countries (Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Niger, and the United Republic of Tanzania) accounted for just over half of the malaria deaths. Nigeria leads the four countries with the highest malaria deaths (accounting for 31% globally). Parallelly, sub-Saharan Africa is faced with a rise in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Until recently, T2D was a disease of adulthood and old age. However, this is changing as T2D in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. Nigeria has been reported to have the highest burden of diabetes in Africa with a prevalence of 5.77% in the country. Several studies conducted in the last decade investigating the interaction between malaria and T2D in developing countries have led to the emergence of the intra-uterine hypothesis. The hypothesis has arisen as a possible explanation for the rise of T2D in malaria endemic areas; malaria in pregnancy could lead to intra-uterine stress which could contribute to low birth weight and may be a potential cause of T2D later in life. Hence, previous, and continuous exposure to malaria infection leads to a higher risk of T2D. Current and emerging evidence suggests that an inflammation-mediated link exists between malaria and eventual T2D emergence. The inflammatory process thus, is an important link for the co-existence of malaria and T2D because these two diseases are inflammatory-related. A key feature of T2D is systemic inflammation, characterized by the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which leads to impaired insulin signaling. Malaria infection is an inflammatory disease in which TNF-α also plays a major role. TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malaria and T2D. We therefore hypothesize that TNF-α is an important link in the increasing co-existence of T2D.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Malaria , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Adult , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Pandemics , Malaria/complications , Malaria/epidemiology , Inflammation , Tanzania
9.
J Theor Biol ; : 111368, 2022 Nov 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2321698

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 remains a major public health concern, with large resurgences even where there has been widespread uptake of vaccines. Waning immunity and the emergence of new variants will shape the long-term burden and dynamics of COVID-19. We explore the transition to the endemic state, and the endemic incidence in British Columbia (BC), Canada and South Africa (SA), to compare low and high vaccination coverage settings with differing public health policies, using a combination of modelling approaches. We compare reopening (relaxation of public health measures) gradually and rapidly as well as at different vaccination levels. We examine how the eventual endemic state depends on the duration of immunity, the rate of importations, the efficacy of vaccines and the transmissibility. These depend on the evolution of the virus, which continues to undergo selection. Slower reopening leads to a lower peak level of incidence and fewer overall infections in the wave following reopening: as much as a 60% lower peak and a 10% lower total in some illustrative simulations; under realistic parameters, reopening when 70% of the population is vaccinated leads to a large resurgence in cases. The long-term endemic behaviour may stabilize as late as January 2023, with further waves of high incidence occurring depending on the transmissibility of the prevalent variant, duration of immunity, and antigenic drift. We find that long term endemic levels are not necessarily lower than current pandemic levels: in a population of 100,000 with representative parameter settings (Reproduction number 5, 1-year duration of immunity, vaccine efficacy at 80% and importations at 3 cases per 100K per day) there are over 100 daily incident cases in the model. Predicted prevalence at endemicity has increased more than twofold after the emergence and spread of Omicron. The consequent burden on health care systems depends on the severity of infection in immunized or previously infected individuals.

10.
Medicina Interna de Mexico ; 39(1):46-65, 2023.
Article in Spanish | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2316817

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To review and analyze the available information about the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico and the determining factors for its transition to an endemic phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study based on the Delphi Method with the participation of a panel made up by specialists in infectious diseases, immunology, internal medicine, pulmonology, pediatrics and public health. RESULT(S): 2270 bibliographic sources were identified;after excluding those that offered repetitive information, 454 were included in the final analysis. The main factors that obstruct the transition from a COVID-19 pandemic to an endemic one were defined as the high capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate (since the efficacy of anti-COVID-19 vaccines depends to a large extent on the genetic presentations of the virus) and the high prevalence in the country of comorbidities that make the population more vulnerable against the disease. Strengthening primary care and promoting a culture of surveillance and prevention are essential. CONCLUSION(S): It was concluded, by consensus, that there are factors that obstruct the passage of the COVID-19 pandemic to an endemic phase, including the intrinsic nature of disease control and the unpredictability of virus mutations.Copyright © 2023 Comunicaciones Cientificas Mexicanas S.A. de C.V.. All rights reserved.

11.
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ; 73(5):1167, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2316386
12.
International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research ; 24(4):537-553, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2316100

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we develop and analyse a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) compartment model by integrating the vaccination factor as a model parameter to investigate the effect of vaccination parameter on the long-term outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mathematical analysis is used to determine the disease-free equilibrium, the endemic equilibrium, and the basic reproduction number of the developed model. The stability of the model is studied using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, and numerical simulations are conducted to assess the impact of vaccination on the disease at different rates. The findings suggest that vaccination rate influences the transmission dynamics, and the vaccine can speed up the COVID-19 recovery and contain the outbreak. © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

13.
Journal of Biological Chemistry ; 299(3 Supplement):S134, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2313221

ABSTRACT

The novel COVID-19 vaccines have been instrumental at transforming the pandemic into an endemic disease. However, many contemporary vaccines, especially the landmark mRNA vaccines, require cold storage that makes them difficult for low income and developing countries to keep and distribute, and no shelf stable, low-cost alternative currently exists. In response to this need, we are developing a novel COVID-19 vaccine delivery system using the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. We engineered an integrating construct to express the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein tagged with the yeast pheromone secretion signal and with the Claudin-4 targeting sequence of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Preliminary data from two animal trials suggest that our candidate yeast oral COVID-19 vaccine can trigger a robust humoral immune response in mice. Experiments are underway to assess its effect on the murine T-cell response. Our laboratory is supported in part by a research grant from the PCHRD-DOST of the Republic of the Philippines.Copyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

14.
R Soc Open Sci ; 10(5): 221277, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2313909

ABSTRACT

For an infectious disease such as COVID-19, we present a new four-stage vaccination model (unvaccinated, dose 1 + 2, booster, repeated boosters), which examines the impact of vaccination coverage, vaccination rate, generation interval, control reproduction number, vaccine efficacies and rates of waning immunity upon the dynamics of infection. We derive a single equation that allows computation of equilibrium prevalence and incidence of infection, given knowledge about these parameters and variable values. Based upon a 20-compartment model, we develop a numerical simulation of the associated differential equations. The model is not a forecasting or even predictive one, given the uncertainty about several biological parameter values. Rather, it is intended to aid a qualitative understanding of how equilibrium levels of infection may be impacted upon, by the parameters of the system. We examine one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis around a base case scenario. The key finding which should be of interest to policymakers is that while factors such as improved vaccine efficacy, increased vaccination rates, lower waning rates and more stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions might be thought to improve equilibrium levels of infection, this might only be done to good effect if vaccination coverage on a recurrent basis is sufficiently high.

15.
Results Phys ; 49: 106536, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2312429

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model for an in-depth understanding of COVID-19 (Omicron variant). The mathematical study of an omicron variant of the corona virus is discussed. In this new Omicron model, we used idea of dividing infected compartment further into more classes i.e asymptomatic, symptomatic and Omicron infected compartment. Model is asymptotically locally stable whenever R0<1 and when R0≤1 at disease free equilibrium the system is globally asymptotically stable. Local stability is investigated with Jacobian matrix and with Lyapunov function global stability is analyzed. Moreover basic reduction number is calculated through next generation matrix and numerical analysis will be used to verify the model with real data. We consider also the this model under fractional order derivative. We use Grunwald-Letnikov concept to establish a numerical scheme. We use nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme to simulate the results. Graphical presentations are given corresponding to classical and fractional order derivative. According to our graphical results for the model with numerical parameters, the population's risk of infection can be reduced by adhering to the WHO's suggestions, which include keeping social distances, wearing facemasks, washing one's hands, avoiding crowds, etc.

16.
Front Immunol ; 13: 954093, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2312676

ABSTRACT

The SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the coronavirus family, which also includes common endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs). We hypothesized that immunity to HCoVs would be associated with stronger immunogenicity from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The study included samples from the COSRIP observational cohort study of adult paramedics in Canada. Participants provided blood samples, questionnaire data, and results of COVID-19 testing. Samples were tested for anti-spike IgG against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43 antigens. We first compared samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated participants, to determine which HCoV antibodies were affected by vaccination. We created scatter plots and performed correlation analysis to estimate the extent of the linear relationship between HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies. Further, using adjusted log-log multiple regression, we modeled the association between each strain of HCoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of 1510 participants (mean age of 39 years), 94 (6.2%) had a history of COVID-19. There were significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated participant in anti-spike antibodies to HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43; however, levels for HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 were similar (suggesting that vaccination did not affect these baseline values). Among vaccinated individuals without prior COVID-19 infection, SARS-COV-2 anti-spike IgG demonstrated a weak positive relationship between both HCoV-229E (r = 0.11) and HCoV-NL63 (r = 0.12). From the adjusted log-log multiple regression model, higher HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 anti-spike IgG antibodies were associated with increased SARS-COV-2 anti-spike IgG antibodies. Vaccination appears to result in measurable increases in HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 IgG levels. Anti-HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 antibodies were unaffected by vaccination, and higher levels were associated with significantly higher COVID-19 vaccine-induced SARS-COV-2 antibodies.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Coronavirus 229E, Human , Coronavirus NL63, Human , Coronavirus OC43, Human , Adult , Antibodies, Viral , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19 Vaccines , Humans , Immunity, Humoral , Immunoglobulin G , SARS-CoV-2 , Seasons , Vaccination
17.
Genetics & Applications ; 6(2):31-40, 2022.
Article in English | CAB Abstracts | ID: covidwho-2293636

ABSTRACT

Essential role in replication and transcription of coronavirus makes the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 a great traget for drug design. The aim of this study was to predict structural interactions of compounds isolated from the Bosnian-Herzegovinian endemic plant Knautia sarajevensis (G. Beck) Szabo against the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The three-dimensional crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease was retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank and the three-dimensional structures of isolated compounds were obtained from the PubChem database. Active site was predicted using PrankWeb, while the preparation of protease and compounds was performed using AutoDock Tools and OpenBabel. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina. Structural interactions are visualised and analyzed using PyMOL, LigPlus and UCSF Chimera. Apigenin, kaempferol, myricetin and quercetin showed the highest binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 main protease and formed significant hydrogen bonds with the given protein. Results obtained in this study are in accordance with previous studies and showed that these compounds could potentially have antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. These findings indicate that K. sarajevensis could be potentially utilized as an adjuvant in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019, but further pharmacological studies are required in order to prove the potential medicinal use of the plant.

18.
Mathematics ; 11(6), 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2291657

ABSTRACT

In this work, we first introduce a class of deterministic epidemic models with varying populations inspired by Arino et al. (2007), the parameterization of two matrices, demography, the waning of immunity, and vaccination parameters. Similar models have been focused on by Julien Arino, Fred Brauer, Odo Diekmann, and their coauthors, but mostly in the case of "closed populations” (models with varying populations have been studied in the past only in particular cases, due to the difficulty of this endeavor). Our Arino–Brauer models contain SIR–PH models of Riano (2020), which are characterized by the phase-type distribution (Formula presented.), modeling transitions in "disease/infectious compartments”. The A matrix is simply the Metzler/sub-generator matrix intervening in the linear system obtained by making all new infectious terms 0. The simplest way to define the probability row vector (Formula presented.) is to restrict it to the case where there is only one susceptible class (Formula presented.), and when matrix B (given by the part of the new infection matrix, with respect to (Formula presented.)) is of rank one, with (Formula presented.). For this case, the first result we obtained was an explicit formula (12) for the replacement number (not surprisingly, accounting for varying demography, waning immunity and vaccinations led to several nontrivial modifications of the Arino et al. (2007) formula). The analysis of (Formula presented.) Arino–Brauer models is very challenging. As obtaining further general results seems very hard, we propose studying them at three levels: (A) the exact model, where only a few results are available—see Proposition 2;and (B) a "first approximation” (FA) of our model, which is related to the usually closed population model often studied in the literature. Notably, for this approximation, an associated renewal function is obtained in (7);this is related to the previous works of Breda, Diekmann, Graaf, Pugliese, Vermiglio, Champredon, Dushoff, and Earn. (C) Finally, we propose studying a second heuristic "intermediate approximation” (IA). Perhaps our main contribution is to draw attention to the importance of (Formula presented.) Arino–Brauer models and that the FA approximation is not the only way to tackle them. As for the practical importance of our results, this is evident, once we observe that the (Formula presented.) Arino–Brauer models include a large number of epidemic models (COVID, ILI, influenza, illnesses, etc.). © 2023 by the authors.

19.
Applied Mathematical Modelling ; 120:382-399, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2305478

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose and investigate the SIQR epidemic model with a generalized incidence rate function, a general treatment function and vaccination term. We firstly consider the existence and uniqueness of the global nonnegative solution to the deterministic model. Further, we show the locally asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model, and obtain the basic reproduction number R0. Then we study the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution to the stochastic model with any positive initial value. Meanwhile, we obtain sufficient conditions for the extinction of the disease in the stochastic epidemic model, and find that the large noise can make the disease die out exponentially. Finally, we make an empirical analysis by the COVID-19 data of Russia and Serbia. By the performance comparison of different models, it shows that the model with vaccination and treatment we proposed is better for the real situation, which is also verified by different estimation methods. Especially, that shows the recovery rate of the infected increases by 0.042 and the death rate of the recovered is 1.525 times that of normal human in Russia. Through statistical analysis, the short-term trend of epidemic transmission is predicted: under the condition of unchanged prevention and control policies, it may reach a stable endemic equilibrium state in Russia and the epidemic will eventually extinct in Serbia. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

20.
International Journal of Management Education ; 21(2), 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2299371

ABSTRACT

The disruption in management education caused by COVID-19 was significant, creating a noteworthy impetus for new research. Given that COVID-19 has transitioned from pandemic to endemic, it is an opportune time to retrospect the contributions of related research to shape the future of management education. Using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol, a systematic literature review was conducted on management education research relating to COVID-19 published between 2020 and 2022. A total of 56 relevant articles were found in and retrieved from the Web of Science database and subsequently analyzed using descriptive and content analyses. The descriptive analysis revealed a steep increase in research on the impact of COVID-19 on management education over time, with most research appearing in The International Journal of Management Education. The contributions came from various countries, with the top five being the USA, the UK, Australia, India, and China. The content analysis showed that most research adopted empirical methodologies while self-determination theory emerged as the most popular theoretical lens for study. The related research revolved around five major themes—i.e., digital teaching and learning, collaboration and partnership, embracing uncertainty and building resilience, transformation and innovation, and developing an entrepreneurial mindset—and provided implications for management education in the new normal, wherein the priority is focused on enhancing education quality and preparing future business leaders for profound challenges in the new normal, thereby necessitating the development of innovative pedagogies and leadership competencies. © 2023 The Authors

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